Changeability of the Meteorological Parameters Associated with Some Simple Thermal Indices and Tourism Climate Index in Adjara and Kakheti (Georgia)
Main Article Content
Abstract
The statistical data about the meteorological parameters, associated with some simple thermal indices and Tourism Climate Index (TCI) (mean monthly and mean monthly maximum air temperature, mean monthly and mean monthly minimum air relative humidity, total monthly precipitation, sunshine duration, wind speed) in eight points of Adjara (Batumi, Kobuleti, Khulo, Goderdzi) and Kakheti (Telavi, Dedoplistskaro, Kvareli, Sagarejo) in the period from 1961 through 2010 are represented. In particular, the changeability of the indicated meteorological parameters into 1986÷2010 in comparison with 1986÷2010 for above enumerated points is studied.
Article Details
References
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovermental Panel of Climate Change. http://www.ipcc.ch.
Stocker, T.F., Qin D., Plattner G.-K., Tignor M., Allen S.K., Boschung J., Nauels A., Xia Y., Bex V., Midgley P.M. (eds.). IPCC. Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013, 29 p.
Barriopedro D, García-Herrera R, Lupo AR et al. A climatology of Northern Hemisphere blocking. Journal of Climate 19, 2006, pp.1042-1063.
Gruza G.V., Meshcherskaya A.V. Izmemenia klimata v Rossii za period instrumentalnih nabliudeni, 2008, http://climate2008.igce.ru/v2008/v1/vI-3.pdf.
Amiranashvili A., Chargazia Kh., Trofimenko L. Dynamics of the thirty-year moving average values of the air temperature in Tbilisi and St.-Petersburg with 1851 to 2010 and their extrapolation to 2051-2080. International Conference “Applied Ecology: Problems, Innovations”, ICAE-2015. Proceedings, Tbilisi-Batumi, Georgia, ISBN 978-9941-0-7644-2, 7-10 May, 2015, Tbilisi, 2015, pp. 12-16, http://icae-2015.tsu.ge/
Acquaotta F., Fratianni S., Garzena D. Temperature Changes in the North-Western Italian Alps from 1961 to 2010. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, ISSN 0177-798X, Elettronico, 122:3, 2015, pp. 619-634, DOI 10.1007/s00704-014-1316-7
Rybak O. O., Rybak E. A. Changes in the Regime of Air Temperature and Precipitation Rate in the Black Sea Region in the 20th Century. Nauchnyj zhurnal KubGAU . – Krasnodar: KubGAU, - №90 (06), 2013, 21 p., http://ej.kubagro.ru/2013/06/pdf/15.pdf , (in Russian).
Rybak O. O., Rybak E. A. Application of Climatic Indices for Evaluation of Regional Differences in Tourist Attractiveness. Nauchnyy zhurnal KubGAU, №121(07), 2016, 24 p., http://ej.kubagro.ru/2016/07/pdf/16.pdf , (in Russian).
Budagashvili T., Karchava J., Gunia G., Inyskirveli L., Kuchava T., Gurgenidze M., Amiranashvili A., Chikhladze T. Inventory of Greenhouze Gas Emissions and Sinks, Georgia’s Initial National Communication on Under the United Nations Framework Convection on Climate Change, Project GEO/96/G31, Tbilisi, 1999, 33-45.
Tavartkiladze K., Begalishvili N., Kharchilava J., Mumladze D., Amiranashvili A., Vachnadze J., Shengelia I., Amiranashvili V. Contemporary climate change in Georgia. Regime of some climate parameters and their variability. Monograph, ISBN 99928-885-4-7, Tbilisi, 2006, 177 p., (in Georgian).
Amiranashvili A., Matcharashvili T., Chelidze T. Climate Change in Georgia: Statistical and Nonlinear Dynamics Predictions, Journ. of Georgian Geophysical Soc., Iss. (A), Physics of Solid Earth, ISSN: 1512-1127, v. 15a, 2011-2012, pp. 67-87.
Elizbarashvili E.E. Climate of Georgia. Monograph, ISBN 978-9941-0-9584-9, Tbilisi, 2017, 360 p., (in Georgian).
Mieczkowski Z. The Tourism Climate Index: A Method for Evaluating World Climates for Tourism. The Canadian Geographer 29, 1985, pp. 220-233.
Scott D., Mc Boyle G. Using a “Tourism Climate Index” to Examine the Implications of Climate Change for Climate as a Tourism Resource. International Society of Biometeorology, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. Retrieved from http://www.mif.uni-freiburg.de/isb/ws/ report.htm, 2001.
Matzarakis A.Climate, thermal comfort and tourism. Climate Change and Tourism-Assessment and Coping Strategies, 2007, pp.139-154.
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L. G. Long-Term Variations of Air Effective Temperature in Tbilisi. Trans. Of the Institute of Hydrometeorology, vol. 115, ISSN 1512-0902, Tb., 2008, pp. 214–219, (in Russian).
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L.G., Saakashvili N.M., Chikhladze V.A. Long-Term Variations of Air Effective Temperature in Kutaisi. “Modern Problems of Using of Health Resort Resources”, Collection of Scientific Works of International Conference, Sairme, Georgia, June 10-13, 2010, ISBN 978-9941-0-2529-7, Tbilisi, 2010, pp. 152-157, (in Russian).
Ghanbari S., Karimi J. The Review of Changes in Tourism Climate Index (TCI) Isfahan (2005-1976). Journ. of Regional Planning, vol. 3, No 12, Winter 2014, pp. 71 – 82.
Roshan G., Yousefi R., Fitche J.M. Long-Term Trends in Tourism Climate Index Scores for 40 Stations Across Iran: The Role of Climate Change and Influence on Tourism Sustainability. Int. J. Biometeorol., 2015, DOI 10.1007/s00484-015-1003-0
Amiranashvili A., Chargazia Kh., Matzarakis A., Kartvelishvili L. Tourism Climate Index in the Coastal and Mountain Locality of Adjara, Georgia. International Scientific Conference “Sustainable Mountain Regions: Make Them Work”. Proceedings, Borovets, Bulgaria, ISBN 978-954-411-220-2, 14-16 May,2015, pp.238-244, http://geography.bg/MountainRegions_Sofia2015
Mihăilă D., Piticar A., Briciu A. E., Bistricean P. I., Lazurca L. G., Puţuntică A. Changs in bioclimatic indices in the Republic of Moldova (1960–2012): consequences for tourism. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 77, 2018, pp. 521–548. doi: 10.21138/bage.2550
Amiranashvili A.G, Kartvelishvili L.G., Matzarakis A. The Statistical Characteristics of Tourism Climate Index in Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 21(2), 2018, pp. 95-112.
Landsberg H.E. The Assessment of Human Bioclimate. A Limited Review of Physical Parameters. Technical Note No 123, WMO, No 331, 1972, 37 p.
BSR/ASHRAE Standard 55P, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2/24/03 Most Current Draft Standard, 2003, 50 p.
Tkachuk S.V. The Indexes of Weather Comfort Conditions Review and their Relation to Mortality. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia, Vol. 347, 2012, pp. 223–245, (in Russian).
Freitas C. R., Grigorieva E. A. A Comprehensive Catalogue and Classification of Human Thermal Climate Indices. Int. J. Biometeorol, 59, 2015, pp. 109–120, DOI 10.1007/s00484-014-0819-3
Khazaradze K. R. Comparative Analysis of Mean-Daily Value of Air Equivalent-Effective Temperature in Tbilisi and Kojori. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Issue B. Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 20B, 2017, pp. 65–72.
Amiranashvili A.G., Japaridze N.D., Khazaradze K.R. On the Connection of Monthly Mean of Some Simple Thermal Indices and Tourism Climate Index with the Mortality of the Population of Tbilisi City Apropos of Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, ISSN: 1512-1127, v. 21(1), 2018, pp.48-62
Amiranashvili A., Japaridze N., Kartvelishvili L., Megrelidze L., Khazaradze K. Statistical Characteristics of the Monthly Mean Values of Air Effective Temperature on Missenard in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Kakheti (Georgia). Transactions of Mikheil Nodia Institute of Geophysics, ISSN 1512-1135, vol. LXIX, 2018, pp. 118-138, (in Russian).
Kobisheva N., Narovlianski G. Climatological processing of the meteorological information, Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1978, 294 p., (in Russian).