The Statistical Characteristics of Tourism Climate Index in Kakheti (Georgia)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
ანოტაცია
The statistical characteristics of the monthly mean, annual and half year values of the Tourism Climate Index of tourism (TCI) and its components for four points of Kakheti (Telavi, Dedoplistskaro, Kvareli and Sagarejo) in the period from 1961 through 2010 are represented. In particular, the changeability of the indicated bioclimatic parameters into 1986÷2010 in comparison with 1961÷1985 is studied, and also the trends of values of TCI for higher enumerated points are investigated.
Article Details
წყაროები
Matzarakis A. Weather - and Climate-Related Information for Tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, Vol. 3, No. 2, August, 2006, pp. 99–115.
Landsberg H.E. The Assessment of Human Bioclimate. A Limited Review of Physical Parameters. Technical Note No 123, WMO, No 331, 1972, 37 p.
BSR/ASHRAE Standard 55P, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2/24/03 Most Current Draft Standard, 2003, 50 p.
Freitas C. R., Grigorieva E. A. A Comprehensive Catalogue and Classification of Human Thermal Climate Indices. Int. J. Biometeorol, 59, 2015, pp. 109–120, DOI 10.1007/s00484-014-0819-3
Matzarakis A., Rutz F., Mayer H. Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. Int. J. Biometeorol., 54(2), 2010, pp. 131–139.
Houghton F.C., Yagloglou C.P. Determination of the Comfort Zone. ASHVE, Transactions, 29, 1923, 361.
Missenard F.A. Température effective d’une Atmosphere Généralisation Températurerés ultante d’un Milieu. Encyclopédie in dustrielleet Commerciale, Etude physiologique et technique de la ventilation. Librerie de l’Enseignement Technique, Paris, 1933, 131-18.
Missenard A. L’ Homme et le Climat, Paris, 1937, 186 p.
Sheleykhovski G.V. Mikroklimat yuzhnykh gorodov, M., 1948, 118 s.
Tkachuk S.V. Comparative Analysis of Bioclimatic Indexes for Prediction Using a Mesoscale Model. Uchenie Zapiski Rossiiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Gidrometeorologicheskogo Universiteta, No 20, 2011, pp. 109-118, (in Russian), http://weatherlab.ru/sites/default/files/library/ Sravn_ind.pdf
Farajzadeh H., Saligheh M., Alijani B., Matzarakis A. Comparison of selected thermal indices in the northwest of Iran. Natural Environment Change, v. 1, N 1, 2015, pp. 61- 80.
Roshan G., Yousefi R., Kovács A., Matzarakis A. A Comprehensive Analysis of Physiologically Equivalent Temperature Changes of Iranian Selected Stations for the Last Half Century. Theor. Appl. Climatol., ISSN: 0177-798X,eIISSN 1434-4483, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1950-3
Mohammadi B., Gholizadeh M. H., Alijani B. Spatial Distribution of Thermal Stresses in Iran Based on PET and UTCI Indices. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(5), 2018, pp. 5423-5445.
Zaninovic K., Cegnar T., Matzarakis A. Thermal comfort trends and variability in the Croatian and Slovenian mountains. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15(2), 2006, pp. 243–251.
Matzarakis A., Dominik Fröhlich D., Stéphane Bermon S., Adami P.E. Quantifying Thermal Stress for Sport Events—The Case of the Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo. Atmosphere, 9, 479, pp. 1-13, 2018; doi: 10.3390/atmos9120479; www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere.
Mihăilă D., Piticar A., Briciu A. E., Bistricean P. I., Lazurca L. G., Puţuntică A. Changs in bioclimatic indices in the Republic of Moldova (1960–2012): consequences for tourism. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 77, 2018, pp. 521–548. doi: 10.21138/bage.2550
Zare S., Hasheminejad N., Shirvan H.E., Hemmatjo R., Sarebanzadeh K., Ahmadi S. Comparing Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with selected thermal indices/environmental parameters during 12 months of the year. Weather and Climate Extremes, 19, 2018, pp. 49-57.
Katerusha O., Matzarakis A. Thermal bioclimate and climate tourism analysis for Odessa, Black Sea. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 97, 2015, pp. 671–679.
Amiranashvili A., Amiranashvili V., Kartvelishvili L., Nodia Kh., Khurodze T. Influence of Air Effective Temperature and Geomagnetic Storms on the Population of Tbilisi City. Trans. of the Institute of Hydrometeorology, v. No 115, ISSN 1512-0902, Tbilisi, 2008, pp. 434 – 437, (in Russian).
Amiranashvili A., Danelia R., Mirianashvli K., Nodia A., Khazaradze K.,Khurodze T., Chikhladze V. On the Applicability of the Scale of Air Equivalent-Effective Temperature in the Conditions of Tbilisi City.Trans. of M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics, v. LXII, ISSN 1512-1135, Tbilisi, 2010, pp. 216-220, (in Russian).
Amiranashvili A., Mirianashvili K., Fedorova N., Levit V., Fabiana Medeiros Carnaúba, Aliton Oliveira da Silva. Comparative analysis of air equivalent - effective temperature in some cities of Georgia and Brazil, Proc. of Int. Conf. “Environment and Global Warming”, Dedicated to the 100th Birthday Anniversary of Academician F. Davitaya, Collected Papers New Series, N 3(82), ISSN 2333-3347, Tbilisi, 2011, pp. 105-110.
Amiranashvili A.G., Chikhladze V.A. Saakashvili N.M., Tabidze M.Sh., Tarkhan-Mouravi I.D. Bioclimatic Characteristics of Recreational Zones – Important Component of the Passport of the Health Resort – Tourist Potential of Georgia. Trans. of the Institute of Hydrometeorology at the Georgian Technical University, vol. 117, ISSN 1512-0902, 2011, pp. 89-92.
Khazaradze K. R. Comparative Analysis of Mean-Daily Value of Air Equivalent-Effective Temperature in Tbilisi and Kojori. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Issue B. Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 20B, 2017, pp. 65–72.
Amiranashvili A., Japaridze N., Kartvelishvili L., Megrelidze L., Khazaradze K. Statistical Characteristics of the Monthly Mean Values of Air Effective Temperature on Missenard in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Kakheti (Georgia). Transactions of Mikheil Nodia Institute of Geophysics, ISSN 1512-1135, vol. LXIX, 2018, pp. 118-138, (in Russian).
Abegg B. Klimaanderung und Tourismus. Zurich: Schlussbericht NFP 31. vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH, 1996.
Mieczkowski Z. The Tourism Climate Index: A Method for Evaluating World Climates for Tourism. The Canadian Geographer 29, 1985, pp. 220-233.
Scott D., Mc Boyle G. Using a “Tourism Climate Index” to Examine the Implications of Climate Change for Climate as a Tourism Resource. International Society of Biometeorology, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. Retrieved from http://www.mif.uni-freiburg.de/isb/ws/ report.htm, 2001.
De Freitas C. R., Scott D., McBoyle G. A new generation climate index for tourism and recreation. Advances in Tourism Climatology. International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, 2004, pp. 19–26.
Matzarakis A., de Freitas C.R. (eds). Proc. of the First Int. Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. International Society of Biometeorology, Commission on Climate Tourism and Recreation, December 2001.
Matzarakis A., de Freitas C., Scott D. (eds.). Advances in Tourism Climatology. Ber.Meteorol. Inst. Univ. Freiburg Nr. 12, 2004.
Matzarakis A. Climate, thermal comfort and tourism. Climate Change and Tourism-Assessment and Coping Strategies, 2007, pp.139-154.
De Freitas C. R., Scott D., McBoyle G. A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): specification and verification. International Journal of Biometeorology. 52(5), 2008, pp. 399–407.
Matzarakis A., Rudel E., Zygmuntowski M., Koch E. Bioclimatic Maps for Tourism Purposes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 35, 2010, pp. 57–62.
Cengiz T., Akbulak C., Caliskan V., Kelkit A. Climate Comfortable for Tourism: A Case Study of Canakkale. BALWOIS 2008, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 27, May 2008.
Mendez-Lazaro P. A., Terrasa-Soler J. J., Torres-Pena C., Guzman-Gonzalez P., Rodriguez S., Aleman M., Seguinot T. Tourism and Climate Conditions in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2000-2010. Ecology and Society 19(2), 2014, 11 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-06380-190211
Yan Fang and Jie Yin. National Assessment of Climate Resources for Tourism Seasonality in China Using the Tourism Climate Index. Atmosphere, ISSN 2073-4433, N 6, 2015, pp. 183-194, doi:10.3390/atmos6020183; www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere
Robinson D.C. Exploring the Value of Tourism Climate Indices for 18 Locations in South Africa. Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science, Johannesburg, June 2016, 282 p.
Nhung Thu Nguyen, Bac Hoang. Bioclimatic Resources for Tourism in Tay Nguyen, Vietnam. Ukrainian Geographical Journal, ISSN 1561-4980, № 3, 2016, pp. 33-38, DOI: 10.15407/ugz2016.03.033.
Scott D., Rutty M., Amelung B., Tang M. An Inter-Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) in Europe. Atmosphere 7, 80, 2016, 17 p., doi: 10.3390/atmos7060080www
Dalinkevičiūtė S., Kažys J. Klimatinės paplūdimių turizmo sąlygos Lietuvos jūros krante. Geologija. Geografija, T. 4, Nr. 1, 2018, pp. 1–14, (in Lithuanian), DOI: 10.6001/geol-geogr.v4i1.3719
Farajzadeh H.,Matzarakis A. Quantification of Climate for Tourism in the Northwest of Iran. Iran. Meteorol. Appl., 16, 2009, pp. 545–555, DOI: 10.1002/met.155.
Gandomkar A. Estimation and Analyse of Tourism Climate Index in Semirom Using TCI Model.Journ. of Physical Geography, vol. 3, No 8, Summer 2010, pp. 99 – 110.
Shakoor A. Investigating Biophysics and Bioclimate Effect on the Health of Tourists in Yazd Province Using Tourism Climate Index (TCI). Int. Journ. of the Physical Sciences, vol. 6(28), 9 November, 2011, pp. 6607-6622, DOI: 10.5897/IJPS11.1306
Ramazanipour M., Behzadmoghaddam E. Analysis of Tourism Climate Index of Chaloos City. Int. Journ. of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS), vol. 1, Iss. 5, ISSN 2320-4036; EISSN 2320-4044, 2013, pp. 290-292.
Ghanbari S., Karimi J. The Review of Changes in Tourism Climate Index (TCI) Isfahan (2005-1976). Journ. of Regional Planning, vol. 3, No 12, Winter 2014, pp. 71 – 82.
Hassan E.M.,Varshosaz K., Eisakhani N. Analysis and Estimation of Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) in Dezfoul. 4th Int. Conf. on Environmental, Energy and Biotechnology, vol. 85 of IPCBEE, 2015, pp. 35-39, DOI:10.7763/IPCBEE. 2015. V85. 6
Roshan G., Yousefi R., Fitche J.M. Long-Term Trends in Tourism Climate Index Scores for 40 Stations Across Iran: The Role of Climate Change and Influence on Tourism Sustainability. Int. J. Biometeorol., 2015, DOI 10.1007/s00484-015-1003-0
Nasabpour S., Khosravi H., Heydari Alamdarloo E. National Assessment of Climate Resources for Tourism Seasonality in Iran Using the Tourism Climate Index. Journ. Desert, ISSN: 2008-0875, eISSN: 475-234X, 22-2, 2017, pp. 175-186, http://desert.ut.ac.ir
Toy S., Yilmaz S. Artvin İlindeki İklim Şartlarinin Turizm Ve Rekreasyon Aktiviteleri Acisindan Uygynlugunun Degerlendirilmesi. III Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, Cilt: IV Sayfa: pp. 1513-1522, 20-22 May 2010.
Toy S., Yilmaz S. Evaluation of Climatic Characteristics for Tourism and Recreation in Northeast Anatolia (TRA1 NUTS II) Region in the Example of Erzincan City Centre. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, ISSN: 2147-8775, vol. 4, iss. 3, 2016, pp. 53-65, DOI: 10.21325/jotags.2016.42.
Rybak O. O., Rybak E. A. Application of Climatic Indices for Evaluation of Regional Differences in Tourist Attractiveness. Nauchnyy zhurnal KubGAU, №121(07), 2016, 24 p., http://ej.kubagro.ru/2016/07/pdf/16.pdf
Amiranashvili A., Matzarakis A., Kartvelishvili L. Tourism Climate Index in Tbilisi. Trans. Of the Institute of Hydrometeorology, vol. 115, ISSN 1512-0902, Tbilisi, 18 – 19 November, 2008, pp. 27 – 30.
Amiranashvili A., Matzarakis A., Kartvelishvili L. Tourism Climate Index in Batumi. “Modern Problems of Using of Health Resort Resources”, Collection of Scientific Works of International Conference, Sairme, Georgia, June 10-13, 2010, ISBN 978-9941-0-2529-7, Tbilisi, 2010, pp. 116-121.
Kartvelishvili L., Matzarakis A., Amiranashvili A., Kutaladze N. Assessment of Touristical-Recreation Potential of Georgia on Background Regional Climate Change. Proc. of IIst Int. Scientific-Practical Conference “Tourism: Economics and Business”, June 4-5, Batumi, Georgia, 2011, pp. 250-252.
Amiranashvili, A., Chargazia, Kh., Matzarakis, A. Comparative Characteristics of the Tourism Climate Index in the South Caucasus Countries Capitals (Baku, Tbilisi, Yerevan). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Issue (B). Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean, and Space Plasma, v.17b, 2014, pp. 14-25.
Amiranashvili A., Chargazia Kh., Matzarakis A., Kartvelishvili L. Tourism Climate Index in the Coastal and Mountain Locality of Adjara, Georgia. International Scientific Conference “Sustainable Mountain Regions: Make Them Work”. Proceedings, Borovets, Bulgaria, ISBN 978-954-411-220-2, 14-16 May,2015, pp.238-244, http://geography.bg/MountainRegions_Sofia2015
Amiranashvili A. G., Japaridze N. D., Kartvelishvili L. G., Khazaradze R. R. Tourism Climate Index in Telavi (Eastern Georgia). The Questions of Health Resort Managing, Physioteraphy and Rehabilitation, International Collection of Scientific Articles, Vol. I, ISSN 2449-271X, Tbilisi, 2016, pp. 76-81.
Amiranashvili A.G., Japaridze N.D., Kartvelishvili L.G., Khazaradze K.R., Matzarakis A., Povolotskaya N.P., Senik I.A. Tourism Climate Index of in the Some Regions of Georgia And North Caucasus. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Issue B. Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, ISSN: 1512-1127, v. 20B, 2017, pp. 43–64.
Amiranashvili A.G., Japaridze N.D., Kartvelishvili L.G., Khazaradze K.R., Kurdashvili L.R. Tourism Climate Index in Kutaisi (Georgia). International Scientific Conference „Modern Problems of Ecology“, Proceedings, ISSN 1512-1976, v. 6, Kutaisi, Georgia, 21-22 September, 2018, pp. 227-230.
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L.G., Khakhutashvili T.V., Megrelidze L.D. Changeability of the Meteorological Parameters Associated with Some Simple Thermal Indices and Tourism Climate Index in Adjara and Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 21(2), 2018, pp. 77-94.
Kobisheva N., Narovlianski G. Climatological processing of the meteorological information, Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1978, 294 p., (in Russian).